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Base64 Encoder
Base64 is an encryption method that transforms data into what seems like a random string of numbers and letters. In doing so, this method changes the data size to 30% larger than its original, making the datas purpose slower than before. Because of this, base64 is seen as a last resort and should only be used when absolutely necessary. This encryption method splits the data into parts of 6 bits and converts them into a binary sequence that represents a character of a very limited set. Base64 is good to use for systems that are ASCII restricted, for older systems that are only 7 bit or when characters have special meanings. Ends with a series of = and may start with b
Binary Exploitations
Binary exploitations is the process of exploiting memory and vulnerabilities in a computer system to gain access to restricted areas of the computer or to force it to perform tasks that it was not initially designed for. This allows for an attacker to change the way programs on the computer work, give themselves greater privileges than the computer owner or to install and run malicious software.
Blue Teams
Blue teams are groups of cybersecurity specialists who are responsible for protecting the digital wellbeing of a company or organization. They work alongside the red team to patch vulnerabilities and defend against external threats. They do this through digital footprint analysis, risk intelligence analysis and regular security inspections. Additionally, they are the ones who organize and host employee digital security education to ensure that all employees are aware of different forms of security threats.
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Cryptography
Cryptography is the art of changing the way information looks by hiding or encoding it to ensure that only someone with a key to undo the change can view it, used frequently in banking, passwords, ecommerce, virtual communication over networks, etc. Quantum algorithms and or ciphers are used to encrypt or decrypt the information. Skills required for cryptography include computer science, engineering and mathematics. Apparently cryptography can be found as far back as the ancient egyptians. Cryptography is important for privacy, confidentiality and authentication.
Cryptomining
Cryptomining is when special computer components are used to help add to a blockchain, which is a digital database. By adding to the blockchain, transitions can be tracked and validated with the intention of generating new bitcoin that can be claimed.
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Disaster Recovery Plan
A disaster recovery plan in terms of cybersecurity is an organizations strategy to navigate an exploited vulnerability. A disaster recovery plans main focus is to minimize the downtime of the service, determine the objective which would be what vulnerability needs repairing, and maximize how quickly it takes for the vulnerability to be patched. These plans have dedicated members of employees to ensure that when the plan is set in motion, it is achieved as swiftly as possible. To ensure that all employees are on board, regularly training and practice runs are required to further benefit the plans speed.
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Firewall
A firewall is a network security device in the form of software or hardware that regulates internal and external networks in terms of internet traffic. Firewalls protect networks from unauthorized access, harmful activity and potential threats by examining network packets.
Forensics
Forensics in the world of cybersecurity is the act of investigating cybercrime while collecting a variety of digital evidence of an attack. Their job is to respond to incidents and assist in lowering the change or another happening.
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Hacker
A hacker is someone who has education within information technology, has good computing skills and has knowledge on bugs and exploits. They use these tools either for corporate or personal benefits sometimes legally or illegally. Their goal is to often solve an issue with the means of approaching it from a digital standpoint.
HomeLab
A homelab is a personally constructed server (or multiple servers) that is within the confinement of your home. These servers allow for the individual exploration of different self hosted applications and systems. Its intended purpose is to safely explore how networks work and how to build different digital structures with the assurance that the server is safe.
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Internet Service Provider
Internet service providers are organizations that provide the hardware necessary for users to access the internet. They manage all the traffic and connections to the internet while allowing homes to have their own private network. Examples of internet service providers are Cogeco, Bell, Oxio, Ebox, Internet Atlantic, etc.
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Malware
Malware, which is formally known as malicious software, is software that is created with the intention of harming or compromising a persons device. This could be with the intention of gaining money, information, or power towards an organization. Ways that someone could become infected with malware is by clicking suspicious links or downloading pirated softwares or media online.
Master Key
A master key is an access by between all sensory nodes of a network, allowing them to have any path as a secured connection. This is because the master key allows the nodes to generate new keys.
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Network Packets
Network packets is the way that data travels through the internet. Data or messages to computers is broken up into small fragments called packets that the computer reassembles once they are received.
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Port
A port is a channel. There can be a service hosted on a port. An analogy that could be used to better understand what a port is, is if an IP address was an apartment building, the port would be a singular room number.
Proxy Server
Proxy servers are services that are the middleman between a client and the internet. They act as a protector from outside threats and help mitigate cyberattacks.
Pseudorandom functions
Pseudorandom is an array of statistically generated numbers even though they are generated all by the same process. Their functions allow for larger pieces of data to be shared and transferred at the cost of a much smaller requirement of data.
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Red Teams
Digitally, red teams are groups of employees that are responsible for organizing and executing a controlled and simulated security intrusion on their company. Their goal is to attempt to capture company networks and computers without the knowledge of their co-workers. After successfully penetrating the company, the red team reports their findings and works with the blue team to patch the vulnerabilities and to implement further security measures.
Reverse Engineering
Reverse engineering is the process of (in a cybersecurity context), closely and attentively taking apart systems and or softwares to learn how it works. It is used for understanding software vulnerabilities, putting defences up against vulnerabilities and analyzing malware.
Rot13
Rot13 is a type of letter substitution cipher where every letter is replaced with the 13th letter in the alphabet after itself (Ex: A gets turned into N)
RSA
RSA stands for Rivest-Shamir-Adleman which is an encryption algorithm that is popular among many products. The algorithm that is used to encrypt the data is called an asymmetric algorithm, which uses mathematical techniques to conceal the data. It uses a private and public key to encrypt and decrypt the data. “If the public key is used for encryption, the private key must be used to decrypt the data” and vice versa. This helps with making recipients of the data intentional because only they will have the other key that decrypts the data. Typically, the public key is used when decrypting the data to verify the identity of the sender, however this form of transaction is vulnerable. This is due to the information being easily open to manipulation through internet traffic. The mathematical technique used is multiplying two large prime numbers to get an even larger number, and the private and public keys use those same prime numbers to multiply to another larger number, however the factoring of the first large number is difficult to perform due to the amount of bits that the encrypted data consumes in storage. N is the result of the numbers being multiplied. C is the ciphered data. E is the encryption key.
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Sandboxing
Sandboxing allows computer systems to avoid compatibility issues with its operating systems by running everything under one virtualized operating system.
Security Protocols
Security protocols are strings of operations and instructions to ensure that data crossing the internet remains safe. For everything you access through the internet, there are many of them working behind the scenes to provide the service that you are accessing while assuring your security is priority.
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Throughput Capabilities
Throughput capabilities is what is used to describe the amount of data that is being transmitted from a firewall in megabytes per second (mbps) or gigabytes per second (gbps).
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Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
URL or a uniform resource locator, is a mechanic used by web browsers to determine the address of a specific website or published resource. URLs are in theory unique, however it is the job of the website owner to ensure that the URL properly works towards their website.
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Virtual Private Network
A virtual private network is the intentional encryption of data to act as a middle man between the internet and a users device.
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Web Crawlers
Web crawlers or bots are computer programs that scour websites so that search engines can have access to them.
Web Exploitation
Web exploitation is the exploitation of vulnerabilities in web based applications to steal personal and sensitive data or to take over the application.